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| |
N publications
|
n citations (%) realized
|
n citations (%) not realized
|
|
Total
| |
36
|
191 (34%)
|
379 (66%)
|
|
Article characteristics, study outcome
|
Category
|
N publications
|
n citations (%) realized
|
n citations (%) not realized
|
|
Authors’ conclusion
|
Positive
|
16
|
115 (42%)
|
161 (58%)
|
|
Negative
|
10
|
47 (32%)
|
102 (68%)
|
|
Mixed
|
5
|
17 (27%)
|
47 (73%)
|
|
Data-based conclusion
|
Positive
|
6
|
44 (48%)
|
48 (52%)
|
|
Negative
|
16
|
116 (40%)
|
172 (60%)
|
|
Mixed
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Article characteristics, other content-related
|
Category
|
N publications
|
n citations (%) realized
|
n citations (%) not realized
|
|
Article type/study design
|
Narrative
|
14
|
31 (16%)
|
159 (84%)
|
|
narrative review
|
11
|
18 (13%)
|
121 (87%)
|
|
commentary
|
3
|
13 (26%)
|
38 (74%)
|
|
Empirical
|
22
|
160 (42%)
|
220 (58%)
|
|
cohort
|
3
|
10 (37%)
|
17 (63%)
|
|
cross-sectional
|
13
|
91 (44%)
|
114 (56%)
|
|
pre-experimental
|
2
|
16 (31%)
|
36 (69%)
|
|
multiple designs
|
1
|
26 (76%)
|
8 (24%)
|
|
ecological
|
1
|
9 (32%)
|
19 (68%)
|
|
meta-analysis
|
1
|
8 (36%)
|
14 (64%)
|
|
case study
|
1
|
0 (0%)
|
12 (100%)
|
|
Sample size (cat)
|
Low (1 – 199)
|
6
|
17 (20%)
|
69 (80%)
|
|
Medium (200 – 1999)
|
8
|
68 (46%)
|
79 (54%)
|
|
High ( ≥ 2000)
|
8
|
75 (51%)
|
72 (49%)
|
|
Study quality (cross-sectional)
|
Good
|
0
|
–
|
–
|
|
.
|
Fair
|
9
|
66 (46%)
|
77 (54%)
|
|
Poor
|
4
|
25 (40%)
|
37 (60%)
|
|
Specificity
|
1 (non-specific)
|
5
|
0 (0%)
|
36 (100%)
|
|
2
|
7
|
44 (31%)
|
96 (69%)
|
|
3
|
9
|
46 (33%)
|
92 (67%)
|
|
4
|
11
|
59 (38%)
|
96 (62%)
|
|
5 (specific)
|
4
|
42 (42%)
|
59 (58%)
|
|
Article characteristics, not content-related
|
Category
|
N publications
|
n citations (%) realized
|
n citations (%) not realized
|
|
Language
|
English
|
33
|
191 (35%)
|
353 (65%)
|
|
Other
|
3
|
0 (0%)
|
26 (100%)
|
|
Conclusive title
|
Not conclusive
|
25
|
124 (31%)
|
272 (69%)
|
|
Conclusive
|
11
|
67 (39%)
|
107 (61%)
|
|
Funding source
|
Non-profit
|
15
|
111 (41%)
|
162 (59%)
|
|
For-profit
|
1
|
8 (36%)
|
14 (64%)
|
|
Both
|
5
|
42 (52%)
|
39 (48%)
|
|
Not reported
|
15
|
30 (15%)
|
164 (85%)
|
|
Number of authors
|
1 – 2
|
10
|
24 (18%)
|
106 (82%)
|
|
3 – 4
|
11
|
51 (31%)
|
114 (71%)
|
|
5 – 6
|
7
|
40 (49%)
|
41 (51%)
|
|
≥ 7
|
8
|
76 (39%)
|
118 (61%)
|
|
Number of affiliations
|
1
|
15
|
54 (25%)
|
161 (75%)
|
|
2
|
10
|
48 (36%)
|
87 (74%)
|
|
≥ 3
|
11
|
89 (40%)
|
131 (60%)
|
|
Number of references
|
< 25
|
10
|
18 (14%)
|
113 (86%)
|
|
25 – 40
|
15
|
108 (40%)
|
165 (60%)
|
|
≥ 40
|
11
|
65 (39%)
|
101 (61%)
|
|
Journal impact factor (cat)
|
0 – 2
|
10
|
59 (34%)
|
116 (66%)
|
|
2 – 4
|
13
|
33 (22%)
|
117 (78%)
|
|
≥ 4
|
12
|
99 (44%)
|
125 (56%)
|
|
Author characteristics
|
Category
|
N publications
|
n citations (%) realized
|
n citations (%) not realized
|
|
Gender
|
Male
|
24
|
148 (35%)
|
269 (65%)
|
|
Female
|
12
|
43 (28%)
|
110 (72%)
|
|
Country
|
Belgium
|
12
|
112 (44%)
|
143 (56%)
|
|
Other North West Europe
|
8
|
22 (24%)
|
71 (76%)
|
|
UK
|
3
|
7 (14%)
|
44 (86%)
|
|
Germany
|
2
|
11 (44%)
|
14 (56%)
|
|
Netherlands
|
1
|
4 (57%)
|
3 (43%)
|
|
Norway
|
1
|
0 (0%)
|
10 (100%)
|
|
Sweden
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
South Europe
|
12
|
32 (23%)
|
105 (77%)
|
|
Italy
|
5
|
15 (19%)
|
65 (81%)
|
|
Spain
|
4
|
17 (43%)
|
23 (58%)
|
|
France
|
2
|
0 (0%)
|
5 (100%)
|
|
Croatia
|
1
|
0 (0%)
|
12 (100%)
|
|
North America
|
4
|
25 (29%)
|
60 (71%)
|
|
USA
|
3
|
17 (30%)
|
39 (70%)
|
|
Canada
|
1
|
8 (28%)
|
21 (72%)
|
|
Type of affiliation
|
University
|
27
|
154 (34%)
|
303 (66%)
|
|
Government
|
2
|
8 (25%)
|
24 (75%)
|
|
Industry
|
1
|
1 (8%)
|
11 (92%)
|
|
Other
|
6
|
28 (41%)
|
41 (59%)
|
|
Citation characteristics
|
category
| |
n citations (%) realized
|
n citations (%) not realized
|
|
Time to citation (in years)
|
0 – <1
| |
26 (29%)
|
63 (71%)
|
|
1 – <2
| |
42 (40%)
|
64 (60%)
|
|
2 – <3
| |
30 (37%)
|
52 (63%)
|
|
3 – <4
| |
23 (29%)
|
55 (71%)
|
|
4 – <5
| |
24 (39%)
|
38 (61%)
|
|
5 – <6
| |
16 (35%)
|
30 (65%)
|
|
6 – <7
| |
12 (29%)
|
30 (71%)
|
|
7 – <8
| |
7 (26%)
|
20 (74%)
|
|
≥ 8
| |
11 (29%)
|
27 (71%)
|
|
Authority
|
0 – 5
| |
41 (23%)
|
134 (77%)
|
|
6 – 50
| |
105 (37%)
|
177 (63%)
|
|
≥ 51
| |
45 (40%)
|
68 (60%)
|
|
Self-citation
|
No
| |
137 (28%)
|
349 (72%)
|
|
Yes
| |
54 (64%)
|
30 (36%)
|
